Trade barriers and new regulatory demands imposed by Beijing almost monthly have failed to prevent foreign carmakers from making outsized profits in China, even as the groups complain about unfair treatment.
贸易壁垒，加上北京方面几乎每月都会出台的新监管要求，都未能阻止外国汽车制造商在中国赚取丰厚利润，即便这些公司抱怨受到不公平对待。
Most large automakers make at least one-quarter — and in some cases more than half — of their profits in China, far more than the share of vehicles sold there in many cases, recent analysis shows.
最近的分析表明，大多数大型汽车制造商的利润至少四分之一（在某些情况下超过一半）来自中国，大多都远远超过他们在中国销售的汽车的占比。
That is despite policies directed at foreign car companies by China’s government, which imposes tariffs on imports of as high as 25 per cent.
这还是在中国政府针对外国汽车企业出台了许多政策的情况下取得的，比如汽车进口关税高达25%。
The only way around these is to build plants locally, and that can only be done in a joint venture with a local state-owned company. That partner frequently does not do much more than act as a “toll man”, according to Robin Zhu, a Bernstein analyst based in Hong Kong.
绕过这些贸易壁垒的唯一方法是在当地建厂，而这只有与中国国有企业建立合资企业才行得通。伯恩斯坦(Bernstein)驻香港分析师Robin Zhu表示，合作伙伴往往不过是充当了“收费员”的角色。
Policymakers in Berlin and Washington have started to press Beijing on its restrictive regime for foreign carmakers. Beijing, in April, said it would do away with the joint venture requirement for foreign investors in the car industry, but has not given a timeline or any details.
柏林和华盛顿的政策制定者已开始对北京方面施压，要求其放松针对外国汽车制造商的限制性政策。中国政府今年4月表示，将会取消关于汽车行业的外国投资者必须建立合资企业的规定，但没有给出时间表或者任何细节。